Battle against Nubia
Nubia was an African civilization located south of Egypt which is now present day Sudan. Nubia, also known as Kush, had fertile soil because it received heaps of rainfall. Due to this, they yielded a variety of crops that they could trade with Egypt. Egypt wanted to gain the benefits of the Nubian land, so they invaded Nubia in 1400 B.C. Eventually, the Egyptians conquered Nubia, ruling it for the next 700 years. They gained their land and Egypt stared to expand. |
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Earliest peace treaty between Hittite and Egypt
During the 1200 B.C.'s, pharaohs had to work hard to restore Egypt to its former glory. One of the very successful pharaohs of this time was Ramses II. Ramses II conquered the region of Canaan, moving north into Syria. In order to reach Syria, he had to fight the Hittites, or present-day Turkey. After putting lots of blood and sweat in battles, both the pharaohs decided to sacrifice their gory and fame. Ramses II and the ruler of Hittite signed a peace treaty; and not just any treaty, the earliest peace treaty known to date. |
Narmer uniting Egypt
Narmer was a king of Upper Egypt. He gained this honor by working very hard. In about 3100 B.C., he bravely led his armies from Upper Egypt to Lower Egypt to conquer their land. After a victorious war, Narmer married the princess of Lower Egypt and claimed that Lower Egypt was now in his custody. This was the first time ever in history that all of Ancient Egypt was ruled by one pharaoh: Narmer. From this point onward, whomever the pharaoh was would rule of all Egypt. Narmer created a huge change in history that changed Egypt forever...
Narmer was a king of Upper Egypt. He gained this honor by working very hard. In about 3100 B.C., he bravely led his armies from Upper Egypt to Lower Egypt to conquer their land. After a victorious war, Narmer married the princess of Lower Egypt and claimed that Lower Egypt was now in his custody. This was the first time ever in history that all of Ancient Egypt was ruled by one pharaoh: Narmer. From this point onward, whomever the pharaoh was would rule of all Egypt. Narmer created a huge change in history that changed Egypt forever...
Why was the Middle Kingdom period considered a "golden age" for Egypt?
The Middle Kingdom period was considered a golden age because trade became easier, Egypt's land expanded, and the Egyptians's architecture and art thrived. During the Middle Kingdom period, which lasted from c. 2005 B.C. till c. 1650 B.C., trading with other lands increased and became easier and more effective. The textbook states, "The pharaohs also ordered the construction of a canal between the Nile River and Red Sea. As a result, Egyptian traders were able to send goods south by ship through the Red Sea." (120-121). This new system helped Egyptians trade efficiently with other lands like Arabia and East Africa. The canal system introduced a quick way to trade and helped increase trade drastically. This helped the Egyptians a lot, providing one reason for the Middle Kingdom being a golden age. Another advancement in the Middle Kingdom period was conquering land. Providing more evidence, the textbook explains, "During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt conquered new territories. Egyptian armies gained control over Nubia to the south and expanded northeast into present-day Syria. The Egyptian pharaohs added to their kingdom's wealth." (120) The pharaohs had the most benefit out of conquering new land. When a certain territory became theirs, the civilians previously living there would become prisoners to the Egyptians. They would have to pay tribute, which is basically present-day tax. This made the pharaoh and its kingdom richer. More wealth, meant a better life. And the Golden Age period's residents made sure of that. The last but not least reason the Middle Kingdom was considered a golden age is because their arts and architecture flourished. Page 121 mentions, "Egyptian arts and architecture thrived throughout the Middle Kingdom. Painters decorated the walls of temples and tombs with colorful scenes...Sculptors carved hunting, fishing and battle scenes on large stone walls. They created statues of pharaohs...Pharaohs no longer had their pyramids built. Instead, the had their tombs cut into limestone cliffs..." The Egyptians worked very hard to beget statues, one of the only things still standing today. Also, they put their backs into making complicated and more advanced tombs that had a trap door to catch robbers. These towns were built on a cliff and later became known as the Valley of the Kings. These improved the society and reduced robbers. The statues showed a new way to worship pharaohs and changed some aspects of religion. The ingenious tombs helped protect the souls in the afterlife, a very important thing in Egypt. In conclusion, The Middle Kingdom period was a considered to be a golden age in history because of its increasing trade, gain in wealth due to an increase in land, and majestic new forms of art and architecture being created.
The Middle Kingdom period was considered a golden age because trade became easier, Egypt's land expanded, and the Egyptians's architecture and art thrived. During the Middle Kingdom period, which lasted from c. 2005 B.C. till c. 1650 B.C., trading with other lands increased and became easier and more effective. The textbook states, "The pharaohs also ordered the construction of a canal between the Nile River and Red Sea. As a result, Egyptian traders were able to send goods south by ship through the Red Sea." (120-121). This new system helped Egyptians trade efficiently with other lands like Arabia and East Africa. The canal system introduced a quick way to trade and helped increase trade drastically. This helped the Egyptians a lot, providing one reason for the Middle Kingdom being a golden age. Another advancement in the Middle Kingdom period was conquering land. Providing more evidence, the textbook explains, "During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt conquered new territories. Egyptian armies gained control over Nubia to the south and expanded northeast into present-day Syria. The Egyptian pharaohs added to their kingdom's wealth." (120) The pharaohs had the most benefit out of conquering new land. When a certain territory became theirs, the civilians previously living there would become prisoners to the Egyptians. They would have to pay tribute, which is basically present-day tax. This made the pharaoh and its kingdom richer. More wealth, meant a better life. And the Golden Age period's residents made sure of that. The last but not least reason the Middle Kingdom was considered a golden age is because their arts and architecture flourished. Page 121 mentions, "Egyptian arts and architecture thrived throughout the Middle Kingdom. Painters decorated the walls of temples and tombs with colorful scenes...Sculptors carved hunting, fishing and battle scenes on large stone walls. They created statues of pharaohs...Pharaohs no longer had their pyramids built. Instead, the had their tombs cut into limestone cliffs..." The Egyptians worked very hard to beget statues, one of the only things still standing today. Also, they put their backs into making complicated and more advanced tombs that had a trap door to catch robbers. These towns were built on a cliff and later became known as the Valley of the Kings. These improved the society and reduced robbers. The statues showed a new way to worship pharaohs and changed some aspects of religion. The ingenious tombs helped protect the souls in the afterlife, a very important thing in Egypt. In conclusion, The Middle Kingdom period was a considered to be a golden age in history because of its increasing trade, gain in wealth due to an increase in land, and majestic new forms of art and architecture being created.
What major change, to ancient Egypt, did Amenhotep IV make? What affect did it have on the civilization?
Amenhotep IV was a great and powerful leader of Ancient Egypt. He came to power in about 1370 B.C. and was greatly supported by his wife in all his decisions, whether right or wrong. The biggest change he made was in the Egyptian's religion. He felt threatened by how much power the priests had through religion. To fix this, he created a new religion where only one god was to be worshipped: Aton. Aton was considered to be the sun god. To enforce this new religion, he went as far as to remove priests from their place and tear down temples. To show he meant business, he changes his name to Akhetaton, which means, "spirit of Aton". His weak, greedy, and selfish ruling of Egypt cost them most of their land in western Asia. He died in shame, forgotten by everyone. He wasn't praised as other pharaohs after their death, rather, he was destroyed and erased from all Egyptian records, almost completely forgotten by the world.
Amenhotep IV was a great and powerful leader of Ancient Egypt. He came to power in about 1370 B.C. and was greatly supported by his wife in all his decisions, whether right or wrong. The biggest change he made was in the Egyptian's religion. He felt threatened by how much power the priests had through religion. To fix this, he created a new religion where only one god was to be worshipped: Aton. Aton was considered to be the sun god. To enforce this new religion, he went as far as to remove priests from their place and tear down temples. To show he meant business, he changes his name to Akhetaton, which means, "spirit of Aton". His weak, greedy, and selfish ruling of Egypt cost them most of their land in western Asia. He died in shame, forgotten by everyone. He wasn't praised as other pharaohs after their death, rather, he was destroyed and erased from all Egyptian records, almost completely forgotten by the world.
Why can the exchange of "envoys" be considered a major development in Ancient Egypt?
The pharaohs and other powerful rulers exchanged envoys in order to maintain close bonds with other nearby kingdoms. Envoys are government representatives to other countries who positively speak fro their kingdoms. Exchanging envoys reduces and almost diminishes war. Exchanging envoys meant that the kingdom wanted to form an alliance. These alliances could be very serious like being joined be treaties or marriage with other powerful rulers and their children. If you received an envoy, this mean that Egypt thought of you as a worthy kingdom. Overall, envoys reduced chances of war and formed honorable alliances that created history.
The pharaohs and other powerful rulers exchanged envoys in order to maintain close bonds with other nearby kingdoms. Envoys are government representatives to other countries who positively speak fro their kingdoms. Exchanging envoys reduces and almost diminishes war. Exchanging envoys meant that the kingdom wanted to form an alliance. These alliances could be very serious like being joined be treaties or marriage with other powerful rulers and their children. If you received an envoy, this mean that Egypt thought of you as a worthy kingdom. Overall, envoys reduced chances of war and formed honorable alliances that created history.
How were pyramids created?
There are many theories on how Egypt's marvelous pyramids were created. Historians have a few different ideas of the strategies they used to build these complex structures. Some historians believe that slaves and lower class residents would haul up bricks on a ledge and would keep piling them on top of one another. This process involved thousand of workers spending years and years of hard labor, only to please the pharaoh. The Egyptians were known for how much physical labor they did, so this strategy is a valid one. Another theory is that they transformed aa sure prism as the base into a dodecagon. This strategy was considered to be easier, because the blocks could be rolled instead of being dragged. The main advancement in math and technology that assisted the intercut building of these tombs was the system of numbers based on 10. The Egyptian workers that built the pyramids needed to calculate how much stone was needed to build a pyramid. They had to measure angles, so that they could build the pyramid walls. They also invented fractions to use with whole numbers. This way they could add, subtract, and divide to find how many bricks were needed.
There are many theories on how Egypt's marvelous pyramids were created. Historians have a few different ideas of the strategies they used to build these complex structures. Some historians believe that slaves and lower class residents would haul up bricks on a ledge and would keep piling them on top of one another. This process involved thousand of workers spending years and years of hard labor, only to please the pharaoh. The Egyptians were known for how much physical labor they did, so this strategy is a valid one. Another theory is that they transformed aa sure prism as the base into a dodecagon. This strategy was considered to be easier, because the blocks could be rolled instead of being dragged. The main advancement in math and technology that assisted the intercut building of these tombs was the system of numbers based on 10. The Egyptian workers that built the pyramids needed to calculate how much stone was needed to build a pyramid. They had to measure angles, so that they could build the pyramid walls. They also invented fractions to use with whole numbers. This way they could add, subtract, and divide to find how many bricks were needed.
Primary source
This is the earliest peace treaty known to date. Look above to learn more about it. This is an image of the actual treaty. Since the Egyptians wrote this, it is considered to be a primary source.
This is the earliest peace treaty known to date. Look above to learn more about it. This is an image of the actual treaty. Since the Egyptians wrote this, it is considered to be a primary source.
This page was done by Dia and Kenza